In this paper, the authors examine the future prospects of OD in a business environment characterized by shareholder value maximization. The paper is organized as follows: first, an overview of OD and focus on its core values; second, the changes in the business environment since the 1980s with special emphasis on the United States; and third, the challenges for OD in this new institutional environment and alternatives for OD. The paper concludes with the observation that OD will always have a significant role to play in how we organize and manage work. This has particular reference for business corporations in India as they increasingly seek to compete in global markets.