The Role of Market Interventions to Increase Access of Health Commodity in LMIC: A case of the IPAQT
Citation
Hotkar, Parshuram., Deo, Sarang. (2025). The Role of Market Interventions to Increase Access of Health Commodity in LMIC: A case of the IPAQT .
Copyright
2025
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Abstract
Low and medium income countries (LMICs) face challenges to provide access to health commodities. This paper explores the use of market interventions that coordinate pricing in a supply chain to improve access to diagnostic tests for tuberculosis (TB) in the LMICs. Specifically, we analyze the role of the Initiative for Promoting Affordable and Quality TB Tests (IPAQT) in India, which aimed to lower the cost of the Xpert MTB/Rif assay through negotiations with manufacturers and coordination with private labs. Using a game-theoretic model, we assess the feasibility and sustainability of market-transforming interventions and their impact on test consumption. We identify the conditions under which such interventions successfully coordinate the transformation from a high-price, low-volume market to a low-price, high-volume market. Additionally, we demonstrate that internal price control mechanisms like IPAQT lead to higher consumption compared to external mechanisms such as price regulations, particularly in the presence of heterogeneity in private labs. This research contributes to our understanding of the economics of market-transforming interventions, their generalizability, and provides guidelines for policy makers and donors for intervention designs aimed at enhancing access to health commodities in the LMICs.

Parshuram Hotkar is an Assistant Professor of Operations Management at the Indian School of Business (ISB). His research examines strategic interactions within supply chains, with applications ranging from omnichannel retail to healthcare. In recent years, his work has increasingly focused on healthcare supply chains, addressing challenges such as drug shortages, quality, and access—issues with direct implications for public health and policy. By combining analytical modeling with practical insights, his research aims to contribute to both academic understanding and real-world solutions.

Professor Hotkar’s work has been recognized with best paper awards from leading academic bodies, including INFORMS and the Decision Sciences Institute (DSI). Beyond healthcare, he has collaborated with think tanks, government agencies, and industry partners to extend the societal impact of his research.

At ISB, he teaches courses on supply chain management, supply network design, strategic procurement, and operations management, with an emphasis on helping students break down complex, real-world challenges into simpler, actionable frameworks.

He earned his PhD and MS in Information, Risk, and Operations Management from the McCombs School of Business at the University of Texas at Austin. He also holds an MS in Operations Management and a dual degree (BTech and MTech) in Biotechnology from IIT Madras.

Parshuram Hotkar
Parshuram Hotkar

Sarang Deo is a Professor of Operations Management at the Indian School of Business (ISB). He also serves as the Executive Director of the ISB’s Max Institute of Healthcare Management, where he provides strategic leadership for ISB's healthcare initiatives through interdisciplinary research, education, and collaboration.

Professor Deo's research focuses on healthcare delivery systems, examining how operational decisions influence population-level health outcomes. His work spans a wide range of healthcare contexts, including influenza vaccine supply chains and ambulance diversion in the United States, HIV early infant diagnosis networks in sub-Saharan Africa, and formal and informal pathways for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and treatment in India. His recent research has focused on designing and evaluating healthcare delivery models, with a particular emphasis on digital health and the integration of artificial intelligence into healthcare systems.

He regularly collaborates with leading global health organisations, including the Gates Foundation, the Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI), and PATH. He currently serves on the World Health Organization's Strategic and Technical Advisory Group for Tuberculosis (STAG-TB) and the Working Group for Non-Technical Evaluation under the WHO Global Initiative on AI for Health (GI-AI4H).

Prior to joining ISB, Professor Deo was an Assistant Professor at the Kellogg School of Management. He holds a PhD from the UCLA Anderson School of Management, an MBA from the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, and a BTech from the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay. Before entering academia, he worked as a management consultant with Accenture.

Professor Sarang Deo
Sarang Deo