The Impact of Concession Patterns on Negotiations: When and Why Decreasing Concessions Lead to a Distributive Disadvantage
By Kian Siong Tey, Michael Schaerer, Nikhil Madan, Roderick Swaab
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes | July 2021
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes | July 2021
Citation
Tey, Kian Siong., Schaerer, Michael., Madan, Nikhil., Swaab, Roderick. (2021). The Impact of Concession Patterns on Negotiations: When and Why Decreasing Concessions Lead to a Distributive Disadvantage Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes .
Copyright
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 2021
Share:
Abstract
We propose that making a series of decreasing concessions (e.g., $1,500-1,210-1,180-1,170) signals that negotiators are reaching their limit and results in a negotiation disadvantage for recipients. We find that most negotiators do not use this strategy naturally. However, seven studies (N=2,311) demonstrate that decreasing concessions cause recipients to make less ambitious counteroffers (Studies 1-5) and reach worse deals (Study 2) in distributive negotiations. We find that this disadvantage occurs because decreasing concessions shape recipients’ expectations of the subsequent offers that will be made, which results in inflated perceptions of the counterparts’ reservation price relative to the other concession strategies (Study 3). We further show that this disadvantage is reduced when concessions decrease too slowly or too rapidly (Study 4a) and when the negotiation involves too few or too many rounds (Study 4b). Finally, this disadvantage is mitigated when recipients focus on their target price (Study 5).
Nikhil Madan is an Assistant Professor of Organisational Behaviour at the Indian School of Business (ISB).He holds a PhD in Organisational Behaviour from INSEAD, an MS in Quantitative Economics from the Indian Statistical Institute, and a Bachelor’s degree in Economics from the University of Delhi.
Professor Madan's research has been published in leading outlets such as Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Organization Science, and Harvard Business Review. He teaches negotiation and decision-making at ISB.

Nikhil Madan